During the time of its existence, until the middle of last century, China was a country with undeveloped semi-feudal production and a weak economy. In the industrial development of China was behind the developed countries at 100-150, and it considered as the agro-commodity appendage. However, after the proclamation of the NRC in 1949, the country passed through industrialization, which gave the opportunity for rapid growth of the industry.
In 1946, the share of manufacturing in China was 10% of national income. In 1949 the country had 9 place in the world coal production, 23 place in the cast iron smelting, 26 place in the smelting of steel and 25 in the producing of electricity.
Nevertheless, next thirty years of economic growth in China was really slow. Only in the late 70-ies the fracture occurred in the trends of development, and China reduced its backlog of many countries.
Over the past 50 years in China, built more than 370 thousand new industrial enterprises. Today, China’s factories and plants produces products for the 2.1 billion yuan a day. Coal production was 2.3 million tons, oil – 360 thousand tons, steel production – 140 thousand tons, cement – 455 thousand tons.
Today, China represents 360 industry sectors. China ra
nks first place in the world by the total number of factories and plants. Actively develops the pharmaceutical, auto-building and metallurgical industries. Created such modern industries as electronics, petrochemicals, aircraft, rare metals and trace metals.
Most of the Chinese factories and plants located in China’s major industrial centers of the country, in eastern coastal provinces and parts of Jiangsu, Shanghai, Liaoning Province, Shandong, Guangdong, Chzhetszime.
The oil industry in China has 21% of the production of energy resources. Oil provides about 16% of foreign exchange earnings from exports. The country has more than 32 oil companies, the total oil reserves amount to 64 billion tons. The largest factories of China’s oil processing are located in the provinces Heyluntszyan, Shandong, Dagan, Yuymen, Tsaydam, as well as in underdeveloped areas are often far from the centers of oil consumption. The greater part of the 580 oil refineries are concentrated in the north-eastern China.
In the steel production industry of China traditionally dominates iron smelting, steel smelting. Leftover of iron is using partly for the production of agricultural tools, household products, castings and partly fro export.
Engineering is rapidly growing in China. The major centers of mechanical engineering are Shanghai, Harbin, Beijing, Shenyang, Tianjin, Dalian. The needs of domestic market for automobiles in China is provided by its own production and import of 9-10% of sales. Production of passenger cars in China by 90% is provided by joint ventures with foreign manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Toyota, Peugeot, Citroen, Honda, Renault, Nissan, BMW.
In the area of biotechnology research and development aimed at the dramatic increase in food resources, development of new and renewal of old energy sources, prevention and treatment of serious diseases, the development of waste production and reduction of harmful emissions into the environment.
In the field of Information Technology focuses on the development of technologies that provide significant improvements and widespread use in the beginning of the next century “smart” computer systems.
